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Machine operations

Server operations, in their units: 1,000 tokens read or written, an image, a second of video, a minute of audio. Uses are calculated from them.

Columns
AI Impact Database: 11 entries, category Machine operations, CO2e calculated for servers worldwide.
Unit
Re-read from cache1,000 tokens0.015 gCO2e1,000 tokens0.032 Whconvention
Read 1,000 tokens1,000 tokens0.15 gCO2e1,000 tokens0.32 WhWatershedpublished
Write 1,000 tokens1,000 tokens0.44 gCO2e1,000 tokens0.96 WhWatershedpublished
Write, with reasoning1,000 tokens0.84 gCO2e1,000 tokens1.8 Whconvention
Reasoningfactor× 1.92factorPEReN and 3 othersmeasured
Analyse an image1 image0.16 gCO2e1 image0.35 Whestimated
Generate an image1 image1.3 gCO2e1 image2.91 WhLuccioni et al.measured
Transcribe one minute1 minute of audio0.17 gCO2e1 minute of audio0.38 Whestimated
Synthesise one minute1 minute of voice0.53 gCO2e1 minute of voice1.2 Whestimated
Second of video1 second of video7.6 gCO2e1 second of video16.7 Whestimated
Index 1,000 pages1,000 pages1.4 gCO2e1,000 pages3 Whestimated
Version 0.4 of 13 November 2026, CC BY 4.0 licence

Calculated values depend on the location of the servers; published values are used as they stand. An empty source indicates a value calculated by the database from its factors.

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