UsesLevel 5 of 6 organisationOrganisation, level 5 of 6Calculated with 3 entries, level 1Database structure 
6Territories
4Occupations and activities
3Uses
2Machine operations
1Calculation factorsOpen model hosted on one's own servers, 1 year
An open model installed on 2 H100 GPUs, switched on all year and loaded on average at 60% of their compute consumption. Projet Celsius estimate.
- "H100 hour" accounts for 91% of emissions in this scenario.
- 100% of the calculation rests on database assumptions; it does not measure actual use.
- Out of scope: GPU manufacturing and the model's training by its publisher.
Sentence to citeOpen model hosted on its own servers, 1 year, Projet Celsius estimate: 4.8 tCO2e per service per year, for 10 MWh of electricity, servers worldwide (458 gCO2e/kWh).
- Calculated with
Breakdown of emissions by item
4.8 tCO2e in total: 10 MWh of electricity × 458 gCO2e/kWh (servers worldwide).
Inputs of the calculation
How the calculation is built
The server room is counted as a recent data centre (convention C3), which is optimistic for a small room.
Comparison with other organisations
Characteristics
| Unit | 1 service, 1 year : 8,760 agent hours a day |
|---|---|
| Default location | world, 458 gCO2e/kWh (Ember 2025, life cycle); 11 other locations to choose from |
| Counted | the electricity of the GPUs and the server all year, and the data centre overhead |
| Not counted | GPU manufacturing and the model's training by its publisher |
| Status | estimated |
All the characteristics
| Identifier | IA-0415, projetcelsius.com/en/ai/database/IA-0415/ |
|---|---|
| Version | 0.1 of 2 November 2026 |
| Category | Organisations, one organisation, one year |
| Choice of the selected value | database calculation from the entries this one is made of, at the quantities of the unit |
| Sources | calculation of the database |
| Licence | CC BY 4.0 |
Usage parameters
Advanced settings
Result for the chosen case
8,760 agent hours a day, servers worldwide: 4.8 tCO2e, 10 MWh.
For a carbon footprint
| Item | electricity consumption (GHG Protocol scope 2); regulatory BEGES, category 2 |
|---|---|
| Quantity | 1 department over one year |
| Factor | 4.8 tCO2e per service over one year, IA-0415 version 0.1, based on the local grid (location-based), servers worldwide |
| Total | 4.8 tCO2e · not counted: GPU manufacturing and the model's training by its publisher |
Breakdown by item
Quantity, unit value, contribution and nature of the data for each item
| Item | Quantity | Unit value | Contribution | Share | Nature of the data |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H100 hour | × 10,500 | 900 Wh | 9.5 MWh | 91 % | assumption |
| PUE of the data centre | × 1.10 on the rest | 950 kWh | 9 % | convention |
Entries that use it
No other entry in the database is calculated from this one.
Sources of the calculation
2 publications, for this entry and those used to calculate it, with the chosen parameters.
The result is calculated by Projet Celsius. The sources below support its uses, its factors and its conversion; they do not all measure this total.
Energy and factors
The references of the selected values and of the entries used in this calculation.
Watershed · Aug. 2026
Estimating GHG Emissions from AI Use: Framework for Corporate-Level Measurement ↗ (new tab)
Role and limits : Watershed
Author. Bistline, Ulissi, Davis, Glidden, Joyce, Li, Mohsenin and Suh (Watershed)
What the publication covers. factors per 1,000 tokens read and written at the server before PUE (host and standby machines included), PUE separate (1.10 for a large operator, 1.56 for an unknown operator)
What it does not cover. clean measurements, the model and the hardware
Reading by the database. Default factors proposed for review (public data as of June 2026); for a large operator, taken from Google's measurement published in 2025 (Elsworth et al.), which already contains the data centre overhead; constant per token, they underestimate long contexts and agents according to the authors
Reference of the selected value
Scope of the figure used. Default factor for a large operator, from the server to the data centre; 1.56 for an unknown operator
Limit. A default value, not a measurement
Conversion into carbon
The source of the electricity factor of the selected location.
Worldwide: 458 gCO2e/kWh, life cycle.
Role and limits : Ember
Author. Ember, Our World in Data
What the publication covers. electricity generation over the life cycle, by country
What it does not cover. guarantees of origin
Reading by the database. The same source for all countries
Conversion of electricity into carbon: worldwide
Scope of the figure used. the production of electricity over the life cycle, including power plant construction and fuels
Limit. An average for the chosen country, not the electricity contract or the data centre of a specific service.
Nature of the data
Published readings, conventions, assumptions
- Projet Celsius assumptions 100 %
Calculation assumptions
Quantities, nature and source of each assumption
H100 hour : × 10,500
Two GPUs switched on all year, at 60% of the consumption of an hour of computing on average
Methodology conventions
With their alternatives
| The data centre | Server electricity is multiplied by 1.10 for the data centre |
|---|---|
| The default location | Without other information, the servers are in the world, at the world average electricity |
| Electricity, location-based, on a life cycle basis | The kilowatt-hour is that of the servers' country, on a life cycle basis, from a single source for all countries |
| Two significant figures | A calculated value is rounded to two significant figures, a published value is reproduced with the precision of its source; the calculation keeps full precision |
| The formula | the sum of what makes up the entry, then CO2e: electricity (Wh) multiplied by the carbon intensity of the server location (gCO2e/kWh), divided by 1,000 |
| Calculate a case without an entry | The formula, the default values and a step-by-step example |
History
Entry in version 0.1 of 2 November 2026, in the database in version 0.4
- 2 November 2026Version 0.1 of the entry, as of the date of its current value.
- 31 October 2026Creation of the database, in its first version (0.1).
