Changelog
Every change to a value, text or status, dated and explained: a value never changes without its line here. Changes made under a single decision are read on one line, with the entries it affects.
Latest changes
- 13 Nov 2026The databaseModel table: Claude, large class → Claude, small to large class
Aligned with the question to Claude (IA-0230): Haiku in the small class, Sonnet in medium, Opus in large; the table settles no calculation, no value changes
- 13 Nov 2026The databaseCreation: 5 entries
AI Database v3, batch C2-2026-11-13 of the filling campaign: the model in lineage
- 13 Nov 2026ChatGPT, per dayDescription: volume of June 2025 → volume of July 2025 according to ADEME
The ADEME opinion (July 2026) writes "in July 2025" for the 2.6 billion daily queries; the value (884 MWh) does not change
- 13 Nov 2026ReasoningDescription and reading: 23 open models → 22 open models
Table 3 of the PEReN report (p. 21) lists 22 distinct models, as does the Arcep report of May 2026; the conclusion counts 23 because Mistral-Small-3.2-24B appears twice. The factor (× 1.92) does not change
- 13 Nov 2026Generate an imageDescription: the standard one-megapixel image → the standard image, average of 8 open generators from 2022 and 2023, from 512 to 1,024 pixels per side
Same correction as for IA-0046 on 11/11: Luccioni et al. mostly measure images of 512 × 512 pixels; the value (2.907 Wh) does not change
- 13 Nov 2026End-to-end studyDescription: The volumes are assumptions → the share of deep research and transcribed interviews (two thirds of the electricity), and of drafting with its revisions (less than a twentieth), then the same sentence
SEO review: the description states what gives the study its value; the value does not change
- 13 Nov 2026Perplexity Pro, 1 yearDescription: the standard use is an assumption → the same sentence, then the share of assisted web searches (more than half of the electricity) and deep research (about 4 tenths)
SEO review: the description states what gives the subscription its value; the value does not change
- 13 Nov 2026Summarise a meetingDescription: Transcription weighs the most. → transcribing the 60 minutes of audio accounts for three quarters of the electricity, according to the NHR@FAU measurement on Whisper; reading, summarising and the data centre make up the rest
SEO review of 12 November 2026: the description gives the share of transcription (77%) and where its figure comes from; the value does not change
- 13 Nov 2026Manufacturing per GPU hourDescription: or 34.5 gCO2e → or 35 gCO2e
Convention C8: a Projet Celsius calculation is written to two significant figures, like the value on the page; the citable sentence, the page description and the JSON-LD follow
- 12 Nov 2026Claude Max, 1 yearDescription: 5 or 20 times the Claude Pro limits → 5 times, 10 times a week for the 200 dollar plan
Aligned with Anthropic's plans page (November 2026)
- 12 Nov 2026Write, with reasoningDefault setting: without reasoning (0.44 gCO2e) → medium reasoning (0.84 gCO2e)
The "with reasoning" entry was worth as much as the entry without reasoning, its effort being set to "none" by default. The tasks that use it keep their own setting: no other value changes
- 12 Nov 2026Write 1,000 tokensStatus: working value → published
Source check of 12 November 2026: 0.96 Wh consistent with the factor published by Watershed (2026), 3 times the read; same scope gap as for the reading of 1,000 tokens
- 12 Nov 2026Read 1,000 tokensStatus: working value → published
Source check of 12 November 2026: 0.32 Wh consistent with the factor published by Watershed (2026); scope gap written down, Google's data centre already being in the 0.24 Wh from which the factor is derived
- 12 Nov 2026Google AI Pro, 1 yearDesignation: Gemini AI Pro, 1 year → Google AI Pro, 1 year ; short title: Gemini AI Pro, 1 year → Google AI Pro, 1 year
Decision of 12 November 2026: the plan is called Google AI Pro; the address does not change and the old name remains searchable
- 12 Nov 2026Calculated value of 7 entries, servers in the world
- Application with an agent : 8.1 kgCO2e → 12 kgCO2e
- Agents talking to each other, 1 month : 140 kgCO2e → 210 kgCO2e
- Autonomous agent, 1 month : 38 kgCO2e → 57 kgCO2e
- GitHub Copilot, 1 year : 19 kgCO2e → 29 kgCO2e
- Claude Max, 1 year : 82 kgCO2e → 120 kgCO2e
- ChatGPT Pro, 1 year : 64 kgCO2e → 91 kgCO2e
- Coding agents, one team : 1.2 tCO2e → 1.8 tCO2e
Consequence of the new value of the code agent hour (from 440 to 670 Wh), decided on 12 November 2026; the entry's own data does not change, and its citation carries database version 0.4
- 12 Nov 2026Quick questionPress source (Washington Post, 519 mL of water for an email, 2024) removed
A press article that repeats a UC Riverside calculation; the scientific source (Li et al.) remains in the published values. No figure in the database changes
- 12 Nov 2026On-site waterDescription: the database uses 1.15 litre → the database's reference value is 1.15 litre, not yet applied to uses until convention C6 is settled
Decision of 12 November 2026: convention C6 on the three waters remains open, and no use yet calculates its water; the value does not change
- 12 Nov 2026Designation, short title and description of 6 entries
- AI assistants worldwide, per day : designation: All generative AI in the world, people's use, 1 day → AI assistants worldwide, people's requests, 1 day ; short title: Generative AI in the world, 1 day → AI assistants worldwide, per day ; description: first sentence without the scope → first sentence that states what is not counted, and the share of AI electricity covered, according to the control reading
- Gemini app, per day : designation: Gemini, 1 day → Gemini app, questions and images, 1 day ; short title: Gemini, per day → Gemini app, per day ; description: first sentence without the scope → first sentence that states what is not counted
- World, inhabitants : designation: World, 1 year → World, use by residents, 1 year ; short title: World → World, inhabitants ; description: first sentence without the scope → first sentence that states what is not counted, and the share of AI electricity covered, according to the control reading
- European Union, inhabitants : designation: European Union, 1 year → European Union, use by residents, 1 year ; short title: European Union → European Union, inhabitants ; description: first sentence without the scope → first sentence that states what is not counted
- France, inhabitants : designation: France, 1 year → France, use by residents, 1 year ; short title: France → France, inhabitants ; description: first sentence without the scope → first sentence that states what is not counted
- Île-de-France, inhabitants : designation: Île-de-France, 1 year → Île-de-France, use by residents, 1 year ; short title: Île-de-France → Île-de-France, inhabitants ; description: first sentence without the scope → first sentence that states what is not counted
Decision of 12 November 2026: the title states the scope, narrower than the location or the service alone, so that a figure quoted on its own is not taken for all of that location's AI; the address and the value do not change; the old title remains searchable
- 12 Nov 2026Coding agent hourZeke Hausfather reading, gap: the database recipe gives 0.62 kWh for 110 steps before calibration, 0.4 kWh after → the database recipe, without calibration, gives about 0.67 kWh for one hour of 120 steps
Same decision as the selected value of the agent hour
- 12 Nov 2026The databaseConvention C9, scope: the tokens of the tasks are multiplied by the coefficient → the same rule, except the code agent hour
Decision of 12 November 2026; the coefficient (0.6556) does not change. Changing with the agent hour: the ChatGPT Pro and Claude Max subscriptions, the GitHub Copilot licence, autonomous agents, the application built with an agent, the agents of a development team; and, with the "agents" tooling, occupations, organisations and territories
Earlier changes
November 2026174 changes
- 12 Nov 2026Version of 2 entries
- Coding agent hour : 0.3 → 0.4
- On-site water : 0.3 → 0.4
The selected value changes
- 12 Nov 2026Coding agent hourDescription: brought back, like all tasks, to the database calibration: 0.4 kWh for the median session → the one-hour duration for a session is stated as a database assumption; the tokens are not calibrated (C9); the range comes from the cache cost (C4)
No source publishes the duration of a session
- 12 Nov 2026Coding agent hourSelected value: 440 Wh → 670 Wh (from 310 to 1,280 Wh)
Decision of 12 November 2026: the C9 calibration comes from the split of tokens in a question (100 read, 400 written) and does not describe an agent, of whose electricity 60% is context re-read from the cache, already counted by a convention (C4); Watershed and Microsoft write that constant per-token factors underestimate agents. The recipe is no longer calibrated. Range at the bounds of C4 (1% and 25% of a token read)
- 12 Nov 2026On-site waterDescription: the database uses 0.36 litre, the LBNL US average → the database uses 1.15 litre, Google's measurement on AI data centres, consistent with the PUE of 1.10; Microsoft (0.30) and LBNL (0.36) lower
Same decision as the selected value; the range (0.30 to 1.15 L/kWh) does not change
- 12 Nov 2026On-site waterSelected value: 0.36 L/kWh → 1.15 L/kWh
Decision of 12 November 2026: the database paired the PUE of a large operator (1.10) with the water of an average US data centre (LBNL, 0.36 L/kWh); the water selected is that of the same data centre, Google's measurement on its data centres that serve models (1.15 L/kWh, water consumed, related to server electricity, 2023 and 2024). No recipe uses IA-0004: no calculated figure changes
- 12 Nov 2026Grid electricityADEME reading, scope: Mainland France, average consumption mix 2024, life cycle → Mainland France, 2024 electricity, average consumption mix, transmission and distribution included (3.8 g), smoothed average of 2021 to 2024 data, life cycle (Base Empreinte, identifier 43642)
"2024" is ADEME's vintage, not the year of the data: the value smooths 2021 to 2024 (data.ademe.fr API, re-read on 11/11); the value (51.9) does not change
- 12 Nov 2026Grid electricityDescription: the single source for the twelve countries → the same sentence, then: the database keeps Ember for France in order to compare countries with each other; for a Bilan Carbone® or a regulatory carbon footprint in France, use ADEME, 51.9 gCO2e per kWh
Decision of 12 November 2026: the database keeps a single source for all countries; the French regulatory value is stated on the entry; the France value (41.44 g) does not change
- 11 Nov 2026PUE of the data centreDescription: The database uses the level of large operators (× 1.10) → The database uses × 1.10, Watershed's default value for a large operator; Watershed uses × 1.56 for an unknown operator
The 1.10 factor assumes a large operator; it does not change
- 11 Nov 2026Second of videoDescription: the most downloaded open generator → the most downloaded open video generator on Hugging Face at the time of the study (September 2025)
Delavande et al.: "the most downloaded text-to-video model on the Hugging Face Hub at the time of writing"; the value does not change
- 11 Nov 2026Clip of 5 secondsDescription: A video of about 5 seconds in 720p with WAN 2.1 → A video of about 5 seconds in 720p with WAN 2.1, measured on an H100 GPU, one video at a time
The measurement conditions of Delavande et al.; the value does not change
- 11 Nov 2026ReasoningDescription: medium (× 1.92, the average measured by PEReN across 22 open models) → medium (× 1.92, the average effect estimated by PEReN across the 23 open models tested, with a 95% interval from - 21% to + 348%)
PEReN writes that it tested 23 models; the + 92% is the average effect of a regression, with its 95% interval (table 4); the "up to" wording is not in the source. Report address added to the source. The factor does not change
- 11 Nov 2026Manufacturing a serverDescription: The default value was not named → The default value is the HGX H100 baseboard with its 8 GPUs (Nvidia), without the rest of the server
The whole server (GreenIT, 8,341 kgCO2e) weighs about 6 times more; the default does not change
- 11 Nov 2026Create an imageDescription: An image of about one megapixel with an open generator → The average of 8 open generators from 2022 and 2023, from 512 to 1,024 pixels per side
Luccioni et al. measure 8 generators, most of which produce images of 512 × 512 pixels and only one of 1,024 × 1,024; the value (2.907 Wh at the server) does not change
- 11 Nov 2026The database"Calibrated on published figures" setting, description: the recomposed quick question equals its selected value → the same sentence, and the gap is mainly due to the split of tokens in the standard question, Watershed's factors already being derived from Google's measurement
Correction of the justification; the coefficient (0.6556) does not change
- 11 Nov 2026Quick questionDatabase recomposition, nature: Factors calibrated on non-production services → Watershed factors derived from Google's measurement, gap mainly due to the split of tokens
The recomposition (0.46 Wh) does not change; only its justification is corrected
- 11 Nov 2026Watershed reading of 2 entries, nature
- Write 1,000 tokens : A default value, calibrated on non-production services → A default value that Watershed derives from Google's measurement
- Read 1,000 tokens : A default value, calibrated on non-production services → A default value that Watershed derives from Google's measurement
Watershed derives its per-token factors from the median query measured by Google (0.24 Wh); the value does not change
- 11 Nov 2026The databaseConvention C9, justification: The per-token factors come from benchmarks and default values; the published figures for an entire question are authoritative for the entire task → Watershed's factors are derived from Google's measurement; the gap between 0.458 and 0.3 Wh is mainly due to the split of tokens in the standard question (100 read, 400 written); the selected value also draws on Epoch AI, Microsoft and OpenAI
Watershed writes that 0.32 Wh per 1,000 tokens is derived ("derived from") from Google's 0.24 Wh (Elsworth et al., 2025), with a query of about 500 tokens. The coefficient (0.6556) and all calculated figures do not change
- 11 Nov 2026AI in data centresGreenIT reading for 2030, scope: 22.5 million AI servers → 6.2 million AI servers (24.8 million GPUs)
The 22.5 million were square metres of data centres (22,533,412 m²). The same GreenIT table (p. 43) gives 6,211,575 servers and 24,846,300 GPUs in 2030; the consumption of 1,169 TWh does not change
- 11 Nov 2026AI in data centresGreenIT reading for 2025, scope: fleet of 3.5 million AI servers → fleet of 1.9 million AI servers (13.1 million GPUs)
The 3.5 million were square metres of data centres (3,483,966 m²). GreenIT's reference flows table (p. 43) gives 1,889,916 servers and 13,077,000 GPUs in 2025; the consumption of 174 TWh does not change
- 3 Nov 2026The databaseRule C8 (display): Any value read is rounded to two significant figures → A calculated value is rounded to two significant figures, a published value is reproduced with the precision of its source
The written rule contradicted the display of published values (34.5 gCO2e, 5.97 MtCO2e), reproduced from their sources
- 3 Nov 2026The databaseName of the "territories" family: Territories → Regions, countries and world
The family bore the name of its level: the breadcrumb read "Territories › Territories"
- 3 Nov 2026The databaseLevel names: Elementary units, The machine, A task, An activity, An organisation, The world, Opposite: infrastructure → Calculation factors, Machine operations, Uses, Occupations and activities, Organisations, Territories, Infrastructure
Reader-friendly names, in the plural, for what people look for in the database; the level numbers and addresses do not change
- 3 Nov 2026Quick questionStatus: measured → estimated
The selected value, 0.3 Wh, is the median of one production measurement (Google, 0.24 Wh), two estimates (Epoch AI, Microsoft) and one statement (OpenAI): it is a database calculation from measured values; the value does not change
- 2 Nov 2026Designation of 2 entries
- Team of 12, 1 year : Team of 12 using an assistant, 1 year → Team of 12 people with an assistant, 1 year
- AI overview of a search : Run a search with an AI-generated overview → Read an AI-generated overview at the top of a search
Independent review
- 2 Nov 2026The databaseCreation: 35 entries
Overhaul of the database into levels, third series of entries
- 2 Nov 2026Digital sector in France (benchmark)Designation: Digital technology in France, annual (reference) → Digital sector in France (benchmark)
The year is a variant
- 2 Nov 2026Chip manufacturingDesignation: AI chip manufacturing, annual → AI chip manufacturing, 1 year
In people's words, like the other annual blocks
- 2 Nov 2026Designation of 7 entries
- Data centres, Europe : Data centres, Europe, 2024 → Data centres, Europe
- Data centres, China : Data centres, China, 2024 → Data centres, China
- Data centres, United States : Data centres, United States, 2024 → Data centres, United States
- Top four cloud providers : Top four cloud providers, 2024 → Top four cloud providers
- AI in data centres : AI in data centres, world, 2025 → AI in data centres, world
- Data centres, France : Data centres, France, 2024 → Data centres, France
- Data centres, world : Data centres, world, 2024 → Data centres, world
The year becomes a variant, it leaves the name
- 2 Nov 2026ChatGPT, per dayDesignation: ChatGPT, daily consumption → ChatGPT, 1 day
The duration becomes a reading setting
- 2 Nov 2026ChatGPT, per dayCalculation: reading → published measurements
The ADEME reading remains selected, a control recipe redoes the count by the nature of the messages
- 2 Nov 2026Designation and short title of 3 entries
- Content production : designation: Writing, image generation, 1 year → Content production (writing and images), 1 year ; short title: Writing, images, 1 year → Content production
- Coding agents, one team : designation: Development team with agents, 1 year → Coding agents for a development team, 1 year ; short title: Development team, 1 year → Coding agents, one team
- Team of 12, 1 year : designation: Team of 12 users using an assistant, 1 year → Team of 12 using an assistant, 1 year
a more precise name
- 2 Nov 2026The databaseCreation: 34 entries
Overhaul of the database into levels, second series of entries
- 2 Nov 2026Free personal use, 1 yearDesignation: Individual use, 1 year → Free personal use, 1 year ; short title: Individual use, 1 year → Free personal use, 1 year ; functional unit: 1 user · year → 1 person · year
Overhaul of the database into levels: the block becomes the basket for personal use of free plans; subscriptions have their own blocks (IA-0319 to IA-0325)
- 2 Nov 2026Developer, 1 yearStatus: unpublished → estimated
With the default tooling (assistant), the basket is calculated without the agent hour, which has no value until it is set
- 2 Nov 2026Developer, 1 yearDesignation: Developer with agent, 1 day → Developer, 1 year ; short title: Developer with agent, 1 day → Developer, 1 year ; functional unit: 1 user · day → 1 seat · year
Overhaul of the database into levels: the block becomes the developer's task basket, over a year; the day becomes a duration
- 2 Nov 2026Office worker, 1 yearDesignation: Enterprise licence, 1 year → Office worker, 1 year ; short title: Enterprise licence, 1 year → Office worker, 1 year ; functional unit: 1 licence · year → 1 seat · year
Overhaul of the database into levels: the block becomes the office worker's task basket; the old enterprise licence moves to the Microsoft 365 Copilot licence (IA-0326) and to organisation services
- 2 Nov 2026The databaseCreation: 35 entries
Overhaul of the database into levels, first series of entries
- 2 Nov 2026Designation of 5 entries
- Le Chat, LCA : Le Chat response, provider LCA → Le Chat response, Mistral AI LCA
- Clip of 5 seconds : Generated video (5 s) → Create a clip of 5 seconds
- Create an image : Generated image (≈ 1 Mpx) → Create an image
- Query a PDF : Query with attached document (30 pages) → Query a 30-page PDF
- Quick question : Text query, conversational assistant → Ask a quick question
the name in people's words
- 2 Nov 2026Designation of 2 entries
- Specialised task : Specialised AI task (classification) → Give a task to a specialised AI
- Coding agent hour : Coding agent hour → Have a coding agent work, 1 hour
the name in people's words, without a leading article
- 2 Nov 2026Designation, short title and functional unit of 12 entries
- Web search (benchmark) : designation: Conventional web search (reference) → Run a conventional web search (reference)
- Coding agent hour : short title: Agent hour → Coding agent hour
- Clip of 5 seconds : short title: Generated video (5 s) → Clip of 5 seconds
- Create an image : short title: Generated image → Create an image
- Deep research : designation: Deep research → Carry out deep research
- Query a PDF : short title: Query with document → Query a PDF ; functional unit: 1 query → 1 question
- Quick question : short title: Text query → Quick question ; functional unit: 1 query → 1 question
- Second of video : designation: Second of video, inference at the server → Generate a second of video
- Generate an image : short title: Image at the server → Generate an image
- Re-read from cache : designation: 1,000 tokens re-read from the cache → Re-read 1,000 tokens from the cache ; short title: Cached tokens → Re-read from cache
- Write 1,000 tokens : designation: 1,000 output tokens → Write 1,000 tokens ; short title: Output tokens → Write 1,000 tokens
- Read 1,000 tokens : designation: 1,000 input tokens → Read 1,000 tokens ; short title: Input tokens → Read 1,000 tokens
in people's words
- 2 Nov 2026Coding agent hourStatus: unpublished → estimated
block composed with assumptions; it is calculated and published
- 2 Nov 2026Calculation of 2 entries
- Coding agent hour : awaiting its value → database recipe
- Deep research : reading → database recipe
composed in tokens
- 2 Nov 2026Deep researchStatus: working value → estimated
block composed with assumptions
- 2 Nov 2026Deep researchSelected value (94)
The value is now calculated by the database, from tokens
- 2 Nov 2026ReasoningSelected value (1.92)
The value 1.92 moves to the medium effort line, the block's default line, without changing
- 2 Nov 2026ReasoningDesignation: Reasoning, multiplier of a query → Reason, multiplier by effort
in people's words; the effort becomes a setting
- 2 Nov 2026Generate an imageSelected value (2.907)
The value 2.907 moves to the default line (standard size), without changing
- 2 Nov 2026Generate an imageDesignation: Image, inference at the server (≈ 1 Mpx) → Generate an image
in people's words; the size becomes a setting
- 2 Nov 2026Write 1,000 tokensSelected value (0.96)
The value 0.96 moves to the default line (medium class), without changing
- 2 Nov 2026Read 1,000 tokensSelected value (0.32)
The value 0.32 moves to the default line (medium class), without changing
- 2 Nov 2026On-site waterStatus: unpublished → published
published reading; convention C6 on water remains to be settled
- 2 Nov 2026On-site waterSelected value: 0.36
LBNL 2024, average of US data centres up to 2023, water consumed on site; median of the readings with the same scope
- 2 Nov 2026On-site waterCalculation: awaiting its value → reading
the value is a reading
- 2 Nov 2026On-site waterShort title: Cooling water → On-site water
shorter
- 2 Nov 2026On-site waterDesignation: Cooling water, per kWh of data centre → On-site cooling water, per kWh
in people's words, the object first
- 2 Nov 2026The databaseConventions C1 and C2, profile lines: a question → a query
The database's public glossary says "query"; the values do not change
- 2 Nov 2026Quick questionLines: model size: medium, small and large (no value) → removed
No value exists for a small or large model; an option without a value does not exist in public
- 2 Nov 2026AI in data centresDesignation, year: 2024 → 2025
The selected range (100 to 174 TWh) is that of 2025: the designation carries the year of the value
- 2 Nov 2026Re-read from cacheStatus: order of magnitude → convention
The cost of a token re-read from the cache is convention C4
- 2 Nov 2026PUE of the data centreStatus: working value → convention
The × 1.10 factor is convention C3, written and dated, with its alternatives
- 2 Nov 2026Web search (benchmark)Status: working value → published
The reading comes from the hub's verified values: Google's figure is reproduced as it stands
- 2 Nov 2026Water for electricity generationStatus and value: no selected value, not published → published, range 0.004 to 17 L/kWh
The range of the seven readings with the same scope (water consumed by the power plant, by generation type) is published as it stands; no per-country value is selected until convention C6 is settled
- 2 Nov 2026Designation of 40 entries
- Digital sector in France (benchmark) : Digital technology in France, over one year → Digital technology in France, annual (reference)
- Chip manufacturing : AI chip manufacturing, over one year → AI chip manufacturing, annual
- Data centres, Europe : Data centres in Europe, in 2024 → Data centres, Europe, 2024
- Data centres, China : Data centres in China, in 2024 → Data centres, China, 2024
- Data centres, United States : Data centres in the United States, in 2024 → Data centres, United States, 2024
- Top four cloud providers : The four largest cloud providers, in 2024 → Top four cloud providers, 2024
- Meta : Meta, over one year → Meta, fiscal year
- Microsoft : Microsoft, over one year → Microsoft, fiscal year
- Google : Google, over one year → Google, fiscal year
- Digital footprint of one person (benchmark) : One year of one person's digital use in France → One person's digital use in France, 1 year (reference)
- Le Chat, LCA : A Le Chat response, over its life cycle → Le Chat response, provider LCA
- Specialised task : A specialised AI task → Specialised AI task (classification)
- Manufacturing a server : Manufacturing an AI server → Manufacturing an AI server (8 GPUs)
- On-site water : The water of a kilowatt-hour in a data centre → Cooling water, per kWh of data centre
- Training a model : Training a model → Training a model
- ChatGPT, per day : ChatGPT, per day → ChatGPT, daily consumption
- AI in data centres : AI in the world's data centres → AI in data centres, world, 2025
- Data centres, France : Data centres in France → Data centres, France, 2024
- Data centres, world : The world's data centres → Data centres, world, 2024
- Content production : A newsroom that generates its images → Writing, image generation, 1 year
- Coding agents, one team : Developers with agents, one year → Development team with agents, 1 year
- Team of 12, 1 year : A team using an assistant, one year → Team of 12 users using an assistant, 1 year
- Free personal use, 1 year : One year of personal use → Individual use, 1 year
- Office worker, 1 year : An enterprise licence, one year → Enterprise licence, 1 year
- Developer, 1 year : A developer's day with an agent → Developer with agent, 1 day
- Web search (benchmark) : A Google search → Conventional web search (reference)
- Coding agent hour : One hour of code agent → Coding agent hour
- Clip of 5 seconds : A generated video → Generated video (5 s)
- Create an image : A generated image → Generated image (≈ 1 Mpx)
- Deep research : A deep research → Deep research
- Query a PDF : A question with an attached document → Query with attached document (30 pages)
- Quick question : A question to an AI assistant → Text query, conversational assistant
- Reasoning : Reasoning, as a multiple of a question → Reasoning, multiplier of a query
- Second of video : A second of generated video → Second of video, inference at the server
- Generate an image : An image from an open generator, at the server → Image, inference at the server (≈ 1 Mpx)
- Write 1,000 tokens : 1,000 tokens written → 1,000 output tokens
- Read 1,000 tokens : 1,000 tokens read → 1,000 input tokens
- PUE of the data centre : A kilowatt-hour in a data centre → Data centre overhead (PUE)
- Water for electricity generation : The water of a kilowatt-hour → Water from electricity generation, per kWh
- Grid electricity : A grid kilowatt-hour → Grid electricity, by country
More precise designation: the object first, the specification after the comma, the quantity or period at the end; the old title remains searchable
- 2 Nov 2026The databaseUnpublished entries: five entries without a selected value visible → five entries without a selected value removed from the table, pages and files, until a value exists
Decision of 2 November 2026: "if it is documented, we include it; otherwise, we do not"
- 2 Nov 2026The databaseVocabulary and categories: six reading levels, eight statuses, titles in everyday language → five categories (Factors, Operations, Users, Organisations, Sector), five public statuses (measured, estimated, published, convention, working value), technical designations, v0.3
Workshop of 2 November 2026: the database is a technical spreadsheet with the vocabulary of a manual; each entry keeps its identifier and its value
- 2 Nov 2026The databaseStatus of life cycle assessments: measured → estimated
A life cycle assessment is a model made of factors and assumptions; the "measured" status is reserved for production measurements
- 2 Nov 2026Title of 4 entries
- Data centres, Europe : Data centres in Europe → Data centres in Europe, in 2024
- Data centres, China : Data centres in China → Data centres in China, in 2024
- Data centres, United States : Data centres in the United States → Data centres in the United States, in 2024
- Top four cloud providers : The four largest cloud providers, over one year → The four largest cloud providers, in 2024
The year of the readings appears in the title, hence in the citable sentence and on the card
- 2 Nov 2026Clip of 5 secondsLines 10 s, 30 s and one minute: by extrapolation
These durations multiply the measured video of 5.4 seconds: the label says so
- 2 Nov 2026Data centres, worldLine 2025: 485 TWh, no reading of its own → 485.1 TWh
The value of 2025 now has its reading: the IEA historical series published in April 2026
- 2 Nov 2026Data centres, worldLine 2023 (360 TWh) removed
The line pointed to the reading of 2024, which does not cover that year. It will return with a reading from the IEA 2020-2025 series
- 1st Nov 2026Digital sector in France (benchmark)Creation: version 0.1
Entry added: digital technology in France over one year, electricity and carbon of 2022, according to ADEME
- 1st Nov 2026Chip manufacturingCreation: version 0.1
Entry added: AI chip manufacturing, electricity of 2023 and 2024 and carbon of 2024, according to Greenpeace East Asia
- 1st Nov 2026Data centres, EuropeCreation: version 0.1
Entry added: data centres in Europe, IEA estimate for 2024
- 1st Nov 2026Data centres, ChinaCreation: version 0.1
Entry added: data centres in China, IEA estimate for 2024
- 1st Nov 2026Data centres, United StatesCreation: version 0.1
Entry added: data centres in the United States, IEA electricity and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory water
- 1st Nov 2026Top four cloud providersCreation: version 0.1
Entry added: the four largest cloud providers, IEA estimate for 2024
- 1st Nov 2026MetaCreation: version 0.1
Entry added: Meta over one year, electricity, carbon and water of 2024
- 1st Nov 2026MicrosoftCreation: version 0.1
Entry added: Microsoft over one year, electricity of fiscal years 2020 to 2025, carbon and water published
- 1st Nov 2026GoogleCreation: version 0.1
Entry added: Google over one year, electricity from 2021 to 2025, carbon and water published
- 1st Nov 2026Digital footprint of one person (benchmark)Creation: version 0.1
Entry added: one year of one person's digital use in France, according to ADEME
- 1st Nov 2026Le Chat, LCACreation: version 0.1
Entry added: a Le Chat response over its life cycle, carbon and water from Mistral AI's LCA
- 1st Nov 2026Specialised taskCreation: version 0.1
Entry added: a specialised AI task, five tasks measured by Luccioni, Jernite and Strubell
- 1st Nov 2026Manufacturing a serverCreation: version 0.1
Entry added: manufacturing an AI server, four published footprints (Nvidia, ADEME, GreenIT)
- 1st Nov 2026On-site waterCreation: version 0.1
Entry added: the water of a kilowatt-hour in a data centre, six published readings, no selected value
- 1st Nov 2026The databaseLinks: 107 links
Each entry links to the charts, figures, analyses, tools and articles on the site that discuss the same figure
- 1st Nov 2026Training a modelLines: 3 models → 8 models
Five published training footprints added, one per line: GPT-4, BLOOM, Llama 4, Gemma 2 and OLMo
- 1st Nov 2026Data centres, worldLine: 2030
The IEA projection for 2030 added as a line, with the spread of its scenarios
- 1st Nov 2026The databaseOrigin of the readings: review → hub
Four readings linked to the hub's verified values, which give the same figures
- 1st Nov 2026The databaseReadings: 36 readings → 138 readings
Verified hub readings added to the entries, including 30 water readings, each with its scope (cooling only, electricity water or life cycle); no water value selected until convention C6 is settled
- 1st Nov 2026Generate an imageTitle: A diffusion image, at the server → An image from an open generator, at the server
A title readable without knowing diffusion models
- 1st Nov 2026The databaseTexts: standfirst, counted, not counted
The texts of the first 30 entries rewritten in the register of data: short sentences, tokens explained, no judging adjective, the useful order of magnitude without repeating the displayed figure
October 20263 changes
- 31 Oct. 2026Quick questionSentence: one sentence → two sentences
The citable sentence without a missing value
- 31 Oct. 2026Quick questionSelected value: 0.46 Wh → 0.3 Wh
Production measurements and models take precedence over recomposition
- 31 Oct. 2026The databaseCreation: version 0.1
The 30 entries of the first version, values taken from figures already published by the hub and the Projet Celsius blog
Address changes24 addresses
Old addresses are redirected to the new ones.
- 2 Nov 2026Chip manufacturingAddress: fabrication-des-puces-d-ia-annuel → fabrication-des-puces-d-ia
Keep the old address in the redirects
- 2 Nov 2026Address of 7 entries
- Data centres, Europe : centres-de-donnees-europe-2024 → centres-de-donnees-europe
- Data centres, China : centres-de-donnees-chine-2024 → centres-de-donnees-chine
- Data centres, United States : centres-de-donnees-etats-unis-2024 → centres-de-donnees-etats-unis
- Top four cloud providers : quatre-premiers-du-cloud-2024 → quatre-premiers-du-cloud
- AI in data centres : ia-dans-les-centres-de-donnees-monde-2025 → ia-dans-les-centres-de-donnees-monde
- Data centres, France : centres-de-donnees-france-2024 → centres-de-donnees-france
- Data centres, world : centres-de-donnees-monde-2024 → centres-de-donnees-monde
The year leaves the address; keep the old one in the redirects
- 2 Nov 2026Free personal use, 1 yearAddress: usage-individuel-1-an → usage-personnel-gratuit-1-an
Overhaul of the database into levels: the block becomes the basket for personal use of free plans; subscriptions have their own blocks (IA-0319 to IA-0325); the old address becomes a redirect
- 2 Nov 2026Developer, 1 yearAddress: developpeur-avec-agent-1-jour → developpeur-1-an
Overhaul of the database into levels: the block becomes the developer's task basket, over a year; the day becomes a duration; the old address becomes a redirect
- 2 Nov 2026Office worker, 1 yearAddress: licence-d-entreprise-1-an → salarie-de-bureau-1-an
Overhaul of the database into levels: the block becomes the office worker's task basket; the old enterprise licence moves to the Microsoft 365 Copilot licence (IA-0326) and to organisation services; the old address becomes a redirect
- 2 Nov 2026Address of 3 entries
- Specialised task : tache-d-ia-specialisee → confier-une-tache-a-une-ia-specialisee
- Web search (benchmark) : recherche-web-classique → faire-une-recherche-web-classique
- Deep research : recherche-approfondie → faire-une-recherche-approfondie
in people's words; the old address redirected
- 2 Nov 2026Address of 4 entries
- Clip of 5 seconds : video-generee → creer-un-clip-de-5-secondes
- Create an image : image-generee → creer-une-image
- Query a PDF : requete-avec-document-joint → interroger-un-pdf-de-30-pages
- Quick question : requete-texte → poser-une-question-rapide
the old address redirected
- 2 Nov 2026Address of 6 entries
- Reasoning : raisonnement-multiplicateur → raisonner-multiplicateur
- Second of video : seconde-de-video-inference-au-serveur → generer-une-seconde-de-video
- Generate an image : image-inference-au-serveur → generer-une-image
- Re-read from cache : tokens-relus-en-cache → relire-1-000-tokens-en-cache
- Write 1,000 tokens : tokens-en-sortie → ecrire-1-000-tokens
- Read 1,000 tokens : tokens-en-entree → lire-1-000-tokens
address in people's words; the old one redirected
The hub updates have their own changelog.
