Purchases dominate: medicines account for 28 to 40% of an establishment's total footprint and medical devices for 15 to 25%. Next come services (laundry, cleaning, maintenance, catering), then staff commuting and patient and visitor travel, accounting for about 5 to 8% of scope 3, and finally waste, including incinerated infectious healthcare waste. Purchases are measured in euros using ADEME's spend-based factors, for example about 200 kgCO2e per k€ for pharmacy since March 2025, hence the value of breaking expenditure down by category.
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