Between 3.2 and 6.9 tonnes of CO2e depending on chemistry (LFP, NMC 622, NMC 811) and manufacturing location (China, Korea, Europe). The median for NMC 811 is around 74 kg CO2e/kWh of cells, 62 kg for LFP (Peiseler et al. 2024, Nature Communications). ADEME uses a higher order of magnitude, around 140 kg CO2e/kWh for a complete battery made in Asia, or around 8.4 t for 60 kWh. The Europe-China gap is smaller than often claimed (~69 vs 77 kg/kWh for the medians); the real contribution comes from upstream material sourcing, rather than assembly location. The figures of 150-200 kg/kWh still circulating in the press date from 2017 and are outdated.
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