For the carbon footprint declaration required under Regulation 2023/1542, the scope is cradle-to-gate, supplemented by module D. The calculation starts with raw material extraction (lithium, cobalt, nickel, graphite) and ends at the exit from your factory. Module D estimates end-of-life benefits: recycled materials avoid virgin material production and reduce the final footprint by 5 to 15%, depending on scenarios. The result is expressed in kgCO2e per kWh delivered over the battery’s lifetime, which favours batteries designed to last.
Read the source article: How do you carry out an industrial battery LCA?