It ranges from 50 to over 110 kgCO₂e per kWh of capacity, depending on chemistry (NMC, LFP, NCA), country of manufacture and origin of materials. The median footprint is around 74 kgCO₂e/kWh for NMC and 62 for LFP (Nature Communications 2024). Our carbon orders of magnitude provide further comparisons.
Read the source article: Lithium-ion battery carbon footprint: how to reduce it