Eco-design applies to a product or service: it structures its design to reduce impact throughout its life cycle (ISO 14006, NF X30-264). The circular economy is a broader systemic framework: it organises material and energy flows at the scale of an organisation, sector or territory (reuse loops, shared resources, industrial ecology). A well-run eco-design process moves a product portfolio towards the circular economy; the circular economy at system level creates the context making eco-design possible (EPR schemes, R-PET flows, repair ecosystems). Related terms, but at different scales. Note: in English, ecodesign is strictly synonymous with the French éco-conception (see the European ESPR regulation, Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation).
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