An industrial SME with around a hundred employees typically emits 2,000 to 10,000 tCO2e per year, including 70 to 85% in scope 3. Raw materials account for 40 to 60% of the footprint, process energy 15 to 25% (up to 40% in chemicals), and freight 10 to 15%. The most powerful opportunity often lies in purchases: for a manufacturer whose purchases are dominated by steel, replacing half the virgin steel with recycled steel can reduce the footprint by 20 to 30%, with the footprint difference between primary and recycled metal reaching a factor of 4 to 6.
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