Scope 2

Indirect emissions from energy purchased and consumed by the organisation: electricity, heat, steam and cooling. Framework: GHG Protocol Scope 2 Guidance (2015). Two coexisting methods that must both be reported: location-based (local grid energy mix) and market-based (specific purchase contracts such as PPAs or guarantees of origin). Typically represents 5 to 20 % of the total in France’s tertiary sector (the French electricity mix is low-carbon: ~52 gCO2e/kWh), but can exceed 40 % in geographies with coal-heavy mixes (Germany, Poland, China). Do not confuse it with scope 1 (on-site combustion) or with scope 3.1 (purchases of goods and services).