Scope 1

Direct greenhouse gas emissions from stationary or mobile sources directly controlled by the organisation. Framework: GHG Protocol Corporate Standard and ISO 14064-1. Typically includes on-site combustion (boilers, furnaces, generators), company vehicles (own fleet), refrigerant leaks (HFC gases) and industrial processes (cement, steel, chemicals). Represents an average of 5 to 15 % of the total in the tertiary sector, but 40 to 70 % in heavy industry. Do not confuse it with scope 2 (purchased energy, mainly electricity) or with scope 3 (upstream and downstream value chain). Accounting: emissions by activity (consumption × emission factor).