Until 2025, a single monetary ratio was used (kgCO₂e per euro spent). Now, the Ecovamed methodology (DGE) calculates a medicine's specific carbon footprint across its entire life cycle: raw materials, manufacturing, transport, packaging, end of life. The result is a carbon score in kgCO₂e per pack or dose.
Read the source article: Carbon footprint of medicines: Ecovamed and carbon scores