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ElectricityData centre electricity2024 (estimate) and 2030 (base case) · IEA, Energy and AI, April 2025, rounded valuesChartElectricityData centre electricity consumption in 2030, according to 3 studies2023 to 2030 · IEA, 2026; The Shift Project, 2025; GreenIT, 2026ChartElectricityData centres' share of electricity2023 to 2025, depending on the country · CSO; CBS; LBNL; IEA; RTE, calculation by Projet Celsius
ElectricityData centre electricity2024 (estimate) and 2030 (base case) · IEA, Energy and AI, April 2025, rounded valuesChartElectricityData centre electricity consumption in 2030, according to 3 studies2023 to 2030 · IEA, 2026; The Shift Project, 2025; GreenIT, 2026ChartElectricityData centres' share of electricity2023 to 2025, depending on the country · CSO; CBS; LBNL; IEA; RTE, calculation by Projet Celsius
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ClimateGoogle and Microsoft emissions2019 to 2025, 2026 editions of the reports · Google and Microsoft, 2026 reports, published yearsChartClimateElectricity emissions, by contract or by grid2024 and 2025 · Meta, 2025; Google, 2026; Microsoft, 2026ChartClimateOne question, 4 ways of counting CO2e2025 · Epoch AI; Ember; Google; Mistral AI
ClimateGoogle and Microsoft emissions2019 to 2025, 2026 editions of the reports · Google and Microsoft, 2026 reports, published yearsChartClimateElectricity emissions, by contract or by grid2024 and 2025 · Meta, 2025; Google, 2026; Microsoft, 2026ChartClimateOne question, 4 ways of counting CO2e2025 · Epoch AI; Ember; Google; Mistral AIServer electricity, country by country2025 · Ember, 2026, via Our World in DataAI emissions, compared2023 to 2030 · GreenIT, 2026The digital sector in global emissionsData 2019 to 2023 · Shift ProjectThe digital sector in France, in 3 categories2022 (study of January 2025) · ADEME, January 2025, 2022 data
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HardwareLife cycle assessment of Mistral Large 2Training and the first 18 months of use, up to January 2025 · Mistral AI, Carbone 4 and ADEME, July 2025ChartHardwareManufacture of an AI server, by componentData sheet published by Nvidia · Nvidia, HGX H100 Product Carbon FootprintChartHardwareTraining emissions, 4 published assessmentsTraining runs from 2020 to 2025 · Morrison et al., 2025; Patterson et al., 2021; Meta, 2024
HardwareLife cycle assessment of Mistral Large 2Training and the first 18 months of use, up to January 2025 · Mistral AI, Carbone 4 and ADEME, July 2025ChartHardwareManufacture of an AI server, by componentData sheet published by Nvidia · Nvidia, HGX H100 Product Carbon FootprintChartHardwareTraining emissions, 4 published assessmentsTraining runs from 2020 to 2025 · Morrison et al., 2025; Patterson et al., 2021; Meta, 2024
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UsesElectricity used by a question, an image, a videoMeasurements and estimates 2024 and 2025 · Epoch AI; Luccioni et al.; Delavande et al.ChartUsesElectricity used by a generated video, 7 models measuredMeasurements published in September 2025 · Delavande, Pierrard and Luccioni, September 2025ChartUsesElectricity by type of AI taskMeasurements published in 2024 · Luccioni et al., Power Hungry Processing, 2024
UsesElectricity used by a question, an image, a videoMeasurements and estimates 2024 and 2025 · Epoch AI; Luccioni et al.; Delavande et al.ChartUsesElectricity used by a generated video, 7 models measuredMeasurements published in September 2025 · Delavande, Pierrard and Luccioni, September 2025ChartUsesElectricity by type of AI taskMeasurements published in 2024 · Luccioni et al., Power Hungry Processing, 2024
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SocietyJobs exposed to AIEstimates from 2024 and 2025 · IMF, 2024; ILO, 2025ChartSocietyJobs created and lost by 20302025 to 2030 · World Economic Forum, Future of Jobs Report 2025ChartSocietyPeople in France and generative AISurveys from 2023 and June 2025 · Baromètre du numérique, 2026 edition
SocietyJobs exposed to AIEstimates from 2024 and 2025 · IMF, 2024; ILO, 2025ChartSocietyJobs created and lost by 20302025 to 2030 · World Economic Forum, Future of Jobs Report 2025ChartSocietyPeople in France and generative AISurveys from 2023 and June 2025 · Baromètre du numérique, 2026 editionAlso in Charts and maps
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